ABSTRACT
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a refractory cancer with high degree of malignancy, rapid disease progression, poor prognosis and easy recurrence. In the past 30 years, the traditional treatment of SCLC, mainly chemotherapy and radiotherapy, has not changed significantly, and the effective treatment method for clinical needs is extremely urgent. The rapid development of precision medicine has revealed the molecular biological characteristics of SCLC, so its diagnosis and treatment will into a new era. At present, some studies have shown that anti-angiogenic drugs, immunotherapy and so on have improved the efficacy of SCLC treatment to some extent, and there are more studies on the diagnosis and treatment of SCLC, so a new field of SCLC treatment are coming and bringing more survival benefits to patients. New studies on targeted therapy, anti-angiogenesis drugs and immunotherapy of molecular pathology of SCLC are emerging. This paper reviews the new diagnosis and treatment methods of SCLC to provide new guidance for its clinical treatment. .
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Angiogenesis Inhibitors , Immunologic Factors , Immunotherapy , Lung Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Drug Therapy , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma , Diagnosis , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels which is a key part of tumor growth and spread. New blood vessels convey nutrients to the cancer, fueling their abnormal growth and metastasis. The first successful antiangiogenic inhibitor interferon alfa2a has been used for the treatment of pulmonary hemangiomatosis in 1989. Tumors cannot grow or spread without the formation of new blood vessels, so researchers have begun studying ‘antiangiogenic agents’ by counting severe side-effects for radiation, chemotherapy as well as other ways of management of cancer. Advantages of antiangiogenic therapy are that this class of drugs show only mild side effects, non toxic to most healthy cells and not develop any resistance over a long period of therapy. Unfortunately no suitable natural or synthetic antiangiogenic agent has been developed still now. Therefore this review gives an insight that the natural sources might be the key target for the development of more potent, less toxic and cheapest antiangiogenic agents.
ABSTRACT
Tumor angiogenesis has been related to the initiation as well as progression toward more aggressive behavior of human tumors. In particular, the activity of angiogenic factors is crucial for tumor progression. We previously characterized a secreted fibroblast growth factor-binding protein (FGF-BP) as a chaperone molecule, which binds to various FGFs, enhances FGF-mediated biochemical and biologic events and importantly is a crucial rate-limiting factor for tumor-dependent angiogenesis. We generated monoclonal antibodies that target FGF-BP protein and used them as a tool to evaluate frequency and pattern of FGF-BP expression during the malignant progression of pancreas and colorectal carcinoma in archival tissue samples. We found that FGF-BP is dramatically upregulated during the initiation of colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Crucial genetic events underlying the initiation and progression of colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma with a particular focus on the modulation of angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapies are discussed. We propose that the upregulation of the secreted FGF-BP protein during early phases of pancreas and colon cancer could make this protein a possible serum marker indicating the presence of high-risk premalignant lesions. Furthermore, the biological activity of FGF-BP is neutralized by monoclonal antibodies suggesting the potential for antibody-based therapeutic targeting.